{"id":61787,"date":"2020-06-02T17:00:01","date_gmt":"2020-06-02T20:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/?p=61787"},"modified":"2021-11-30T00:34:51","modified_gmt":"2021-11-30T03:34:51","slug":"pot-la-genetica-predir-el-talent-esportiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/pot-la-genetica-predir-el-talent-esportiu\/","title":{"rendered":"POT LA GEN\u00c8TICA PREDIR EL TALENT ESPORTIU?"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Els trets fisiol\u00f2gics, antropom\u00e8trics i psicol\u00f2gics s\u00f3n parcialment heretables, per la qual cosa l&#8217;inter\u00e8s per trobar t\u00e8cniques que permetin predir el talent esportiu mitjan\u00e7ant l&#8217;\u00fas de la gen\u00e8tica ha crescut en els \u00faltims anys.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[221,37,31],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v16.6.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Els trets fisiol\u00f2gics, antropom\u00e8trics i psicol\u00f2gics s\u00f3n parcialment heretables, per la qual cosa l&#039;inter\u00e8s per trobar t\u00e8cniques que permetin predir el talent esportiu mitjan\u00e7ant l&#039;\u00fas de la gen\u00e8tica ha crescut en els \u00faltims anys.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/pot-la-genetica-predir-el-talent-esportiu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ca_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" 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trets fisiol\u00f2gics, antropom\u00e8trics i psicol\u00f2gics s\u00f3n parcialment heretables, per la qual cosa l&#8217;inter\u00e8s per trobar t\u00e8cniques que permetin predir el talent esportiu mitjan\u00e7ant l&#8217;\u00fas de la gen\u00e8tica ha crescut en els \u00faltims anys. Un dels aven\u00e7os m\u00e9s utilitzats en aquest camp \u00e9s la identificaci\u00f3 de variacions en la seq\u00fc\u00e8ncia de l\u2019ADN, conegudes com a Polimorfismes de Nucle\u00f2tid \u00danic (SNP), ja que alguns s&#8217;associen amb factors que poden afectar el rendiment esportiu. Una revisi\u00f3 recent ha descrit fins a 155 marcadors gen\u00e8tics que poden estar relacionats amb &#8220;el perfil de l\u2019esportista d&#8217;elit&#8221; (2).<\/p>\n<p>Un dels m\u00e9s populars \u00e9s l&#8217;anomenat &#8220;gen de la velocitat&#8221;, el <em>ACTN3<\/em>. Una simple substituci\u00f3 d&#8217;una base de Citosina per una de Timina en aquest gen, fa que sigui deficient l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 d&#8217;una prote\u00efna relacionada amb les fibres r\u00e0pides. Aix\u00f2 fa que persones que tinguin els dos al\u00b7lels modificats (genotip XX) posseeixin un menor percentatge de fibres r\u00e0pides, el que pot repercutir en el rendiment en esports de pot\u00e8ncia. Per aix\u00f2, tenir els al\u00b7lels RR (sense modificar) s&#8217;ha relacionat amb un perfil de velocista o pot\u00e8ncia, mentre que tenir un genotip XX sembla associar-se amb el fenotip contrari. Tanmateix, \u00e9s important esmentar que, encara que alguns estudis han trobat que esportistes de velocitat tenen una menor incid\u00e8ncia del genotip XX (1,7), d&#8217;altres no han trobat difer\u00e8ncies entre la poblaci\u00f3 control i atletes de velocitat (jamaicans i nord-americans) (6). Fins i tot un estudi de Luc\u00eda i col\u00b7laboradors (3) va trobar que un saltador de longitud espanyol que va acudir als Jocs Ol\u00edmpics de 2012 tenia el genotip XX (el &#8220;lent&#8221;). \u00c9s a dir, un saltador que per les an\u00e0lisis de gen\u00e8tica utilitzades no tindria a priori un perfil &#8220;d\u2019elit&#8221;, es va quedar nom\u00e9s a 5 cm de l&#8217;or a Londres.<\/p>\n<p>D\u2019acord amb aquests resultats, una recent revisi\u00f3 portada a terme per experts com els doctors Alejandro Luc\u00eda i Juan del Coso (4) expressa que &#8220;la identificaci\u00f3 del talent mitjan\u00e7ant un sol gen no \u00e9s viable. Sembla clar que el perfil d&#8217;esportista d&#8217;elit \u00e9s un tret polig\u00e8nic, per la qual cosa, si es volen utilitzar proves gen\u00e8tiques per identificar talents, es necessita descobrir un major nombre de polimorfismes per despr\u00e9s combinar-los en models complexos de Puntuaci\u00f3 de Genotips (TGS)&#8221;. D\u2019acord amb aix\u00f2 i les t\u00e8cniques gen\u00e8tiques comercials utilitzades actualment, els autors afirmen que &#8220;les dades disponibles suggereixen que l&#8217;\u00fas de la informaci\u00f3 proporcionada per aquestes proves per a la identificaci\u00f3 o selecci\u00f3 de talents, especialment en nens petits, manca de fonament&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>No obstant aix\u00f2, fins i tot quan es disposin de dades i eines m\u00e9s precises, com els estudis d&#8217;associaci\u00f3 del genoma complet (GWAS) o la fixaci\u00f3 de llindars de TGS per a esportistes d&#8217;alt rendiment, la freq\u00fc\u00e8ncia dels esportistes d&#8217;alt nivell ser\u00e0 significativament diferent de la prevista per la gen\u00e8tica. De fet, hi ha molts altres factors que contribueixen a crear un esportista d&#8217;elit, com els factors externs (estatus econ\u00f2mic, suport social&#8230;) o factors ambientals que puguin modular l&#8217;expressi\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica durant per\u00edodes cr\u00edtics del desenvolupament (epigen\u00e8tica). Per aix\u00f2, els autors conclouen que &#8220;sembla poc probable que alguna vegada sigui possible utilitzar informaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica per identificar inequ\u00edvocament un futur atleta d&#8217;elit. En el millor dels casos, la informaci\u00f3 gen\u00e8tica pot representar un complement potencialment \u00fatil per als procediments d&#8217;identificaci\u00f3 de talents existents, millorant el proc\u00e9s de selecci\u00f3, permetent que el proc\u00e9s d&#8217;entrenament es torni m\u00e9s personalitzat i que els atletes s&#8217;acostin encara m\u00e9s al seu m\u00e0xim potencial&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>L\u2019equip Bar\u00e7a Innovation Hub<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>REFER\u00c8NCIES<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ahmetov, II, Druzhevskaya, AM, Lyubaeva, E V, Popov, D V, Vinogradova, OL, and Williams, AG. The dependence of preferred competitive racing distance on muscle fibre type composition and\u2002ACTN3\u2002genotype in speed skaters. <em>Exp Physiol<\/em> 96: 1302\u20131310, 2011.Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/expphysiol.2011.060293<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ahmetov, II, Egorova, ES, Gabdrakhmanova, LJ, and Fedotovskaya, ON. Genes and Athletic Performance: An Update. In: Medicine and Sport Science (Vol. 61).2016. pp. 41\u201354Available from: https:\/\/www.karger.com\/DOI\/10.1159\/000445240<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Lucia, A, Oliv\u00e1n, J, G\u00f3mez-Gallego, F, Santiago, C, Montil, M, and Foster, C. Citius and longius (faster and longer) with no \u03b1-actinin-3 in skeletal muscles? <em>Br J Sports Med<\/em> 41: 616 LP \u2013 617, 2007.Available from: http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/content\/41\/9\/616.abstract<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Pickering, C, Kiely, J, Grgic, J, Lucia, A, and Del Coso, J Del. Can Genetic Testing Identify Talent for Sport? <em>Genes (Basel)<\/em> 10: 972, 2019.Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4425\/10\/12\/972<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Ruiz, JR, G\u00f3mez-Gallego, F, Santiago, C, Gonz\u00e1lez-Freire, M, Verde, Z, Foster, C, et al. Is there an optimum endurance polygenic profile? <em>J Physiol<\/em> 587: 1527\u20131534, 2009.Available from: https:\/\/physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.166645<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Scott, RA, Irving, R, Irwin, L, Morrison, E, Charlton, V, Austin, K, et al. ACTN3 and ACE genotypes in elite Jamaican and US sprinters. <em>Med Sci Sports Exerc<\/em> 42: 107\u2013112, 2010.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left;\">Yang, N, MacArthur, DG, Gulbin, JP, Hahn, AG, Beggs, AH, Easteal, S, et al. &lt;em&gt;ACTN3&lt;\/em&gt; Genotype Is Associated with Human Elite Athletic Performance. <em>Am J Hum Genet<\/em> 73: 627\u2013631, 2003.Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/377590<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">\n"}],"colaboradores":false,"cta_titulo_top":"","cta_boton_top":"","cta_url_top":"","cta_titulo_footer":"","cta_subtitulo_footer":"","cta_boton_footer":"","cta_url_footer":"","activar_banner_2":false,"banner_2":false,"activar_banner_3":false,"banner_3":false,"activar_banner_1":false,"banner_1":false,"activar_nuevos_banners":true,"mostrar_banner_1":true,"crear_banner_1":{"utilizar_imagen_unica_para_banner":true,"asignar_imagen_unica_para_banner":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/59a7de5f-fondo-10-4.png","mostrar_titulo_banner":true,"titulo_para_banner":"APUNTA\u2019T AL CERTIFICAT EN METGE D\u2019EQUIP \u2013 CONCEPTES ESSENCIALS","mostrar_subtitulo_banner":false,"subtitulo_del_banner":"","mostrar_cta_banner":true,"texto_cta_banner":"UNIR-SE ARA","url_cta_banner":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/product\/certificat-en-metge-dequip-conceptes-essencials\/?utm_source=ads_banner&utm_medium=content&utm_campaign=notas","fondo_de_color_banner":"","fondo_de_imagen_banner":false,"mostrar_imagen_izquierda_banner":false,"asignar_imagen_izquierda_banner":false},"mostrar_banner_2":false,"crear_banner_2":{"utilizar_imagen_unica_para_banner":false,"asignar_imagen_unica_para_banner":false,"mostrar_titulo_banner":false,"titulo_para_banner":"","mostrar_subtitulo_banner":false,"subtitulo_del_banner":"","mostrar_cta_banner":false,"texto_cta_banner":"","url_cta_banner":"","fondo_de_color_banner":"","fondo_de_imagen_banner":false,"mostrar_imagen_izquierda_banner":false,"asignar_imagen_izquierda_banner":false},"mostrar_banner_3":false,"crear_banner_3":{"utilizar_imagen_unica_para_banner":false,"asignar_imagen_unica_para_banner":false,"mostrar_titulo_banner":false,"titulo_para_banner":"","mostrar_subtitulo_banner":false,"subtitulo_del_banner":"","mostrar_cta_banner":false,"texto_cta_banner":"","url_cta_banner":"","fondo_de_color_banner":"","fondo_de_imagen_banner":false,"mostrar_imagen_izquierda_banner":false,"asignar_imagen_izquierda_banner":false},"alineacion_vertical_header":"center"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61787"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=61787"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111519,"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/61787\/revisions\/111519"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=61787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barcainnovationhub.com\/ca\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=61787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}